Understanding the Ecology of the pond
Proper Filtration
Includes the use of both a biological and a mechanical filter. The filter provides surface area for beneficial bacteria to colonize and remove excess nutrients from the water. It will also skim debris from the water's surface to prevent accumulation of organic materials on the pond floor.
Rocks, Gravel, & Bacteria
Gravel in the pond has always been a argument in the pond industry out of fear that their system will become a maintenance nightmare. False! On the contrary, rocks & gravel not only make your pond look more natural, they protect liners from UV light degradation. They also provide surface area for beneficial bacteria to break down excess nutrients in the water and dissolved organic debris on the pond floor.
Fish
They are an integral part of any ecosystem. Unfortunately, fish are often seen as creating maintenance troubles. Not so! Fish will actually REDUCE pond maintenance, as they graze on string algae and bottom feed from the pond floor.
Circulation (Pumps)
This is just a fancy way of saying "pumps & plumbing." The proper size pump & pipe diameter are extremely important for the aesthetics of a water feature. An efficient circulation system keeps water moving and provides necessary oxygen levels for healthy fish & aquatic plants.
Plants
Plants are nature's true filters. They are great for adding character by providing color and texture. From a filtration perspective, they're second to none. Thriving on excess nutrient in a pond and depriving algae of its food source, the aquatic plants in a pond, given proper coverage, are critical for the overall healthy of any ecosystem.